Japanese translation question
June 30, 2018 12:17 PM   Subscribe

Can anyone tell me what "good fortune" is in Japanese?

I mean it in the sense of a noun. Also, when I searched for this online, I kept getting things that meant "good luck." Maybe there's not a distinction between luck and fortune in Japanese (and honestly, I've been struggling to articulate the difference in English - maybe it's just that it's a more formal and less commonly used word?), but I'm looking for good fortune, not good luck if such a distinction exists.

Thanks!
posted by unannihilated to Writing & Language (24 answers total)
 
吉 [きつ] /(n,adj-no) good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result)/good luck/auspiciousness/

That one is the thing that is marked on those fortune telling things at temples and such.

These are the 'good fortune' matches that are also marked as 'P' in the EDICT Japanese dictionary. (the P means something like popular or regular-use or common etc.)

幸せ [しあわせ] /(adj-na,n) happiness/good fortune/luck/blessing/(P)/
福 [ふく] /(n) good fortune/(P)/
幸せ(P);仕合わせ;倖せ(oK);仕合せ [しあわせ(P);しやわせ(ik)] /(adj-na,n) happiness/good fortune/luck/blessing/(P)/EntL1594060X/
福 [ふく] /(n) good fortune/(P)/EntL1501020X/

Sorry, duplicates are just an unfixed thing about my lookup script. :)

These are all 'good fortune matches'.

運気好転 [うんきこうてん] /(n,vs) (yoji) turn (stroke) of good fortune/one's fortune turning for the better/
縁起がいい [えんぎがいい] /(exp,adj-ix) of good omen/augur well (for)/boding well for/good fortune/
縁起がよい [えんぎがよい] /(exp,adj-i) of good omen/augur well (for)/boding well for/good fortune/
縁起が良い [えんぎがよい] /(exp,adj-i) of good omen/augur well (for)/boding well for/good fortune/
果報 [かほう] /(adj-na,n) (1) good fortune/luck/happiness/(2) (Buddh) vipaka (retribution)/
禍福得喪 [かふくとくそう] /(n) calamity, good fortune, success and failure/
吉 [きち] /(n,adj-no) good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result)/good luck/auspiciousness/
吉 [きつ] /(n,adj-no) good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result)/good luck/auspiciousness/
狐福 [きつねふく] /(n) (obsc) unexpected good fortune/
狐福 [きつねぶく] /(n) (obsc) unexpected good fortune/
倖せ [しあわせ] /(oK) (adj-na,n) happiness/good fortune/luck/blessing/
倖せ [しやわせ] /(oK) (ik) (adj-na,n) happiness/good fortune/luck/blessing/
幸せ [しあわせ] /(adj-na,n) happiness/good fortune/luck/blessing/(P)/
幸せ [しやわせ] /(ik) (adj-na,n) happiness/good fortune/luck/blessing/
仕合せ [しあわせ] /(adj-na,n) happiness/good fortune/luck/blessing/
仕合せ [しやわせ] /(ik) (adj-na,n) happiness/good fortune/luck/blessing/
仕合わせ [しあわせ] /(adj-na,n) happiness/good fortune/luck/blessing/
仕合わせ [しやわせ] /(ik) (adj-na,n) happiness/good fortune/luck/blessing/
杓子果報 [しゃくしかほう] /(n,adj-na) (yoji) coming by ample servings of delicious food/being blessed with good fortune/
笑う門には福来る [わらうかどにはふくきたる] /(exp) (proverb) laugh and grow fat/good fortune and happiness will come to the home of those who smile/
笑門 [しょうもん] /(exp) (abbr) (good fortune and happiness will come to) the home of those who smile/
笑門福来 [しょうもんふくらい] /(exp) (yoji) good fortune and happiness will come to the home of those who smile/
笑門来福 [しょうもんらいふく] /(exp) (yoji) good fortune and happiness will come to the home of those who smile/
善祓 [よしはらえ] /(n) (arch) (obsc) purification to invite good fortune/
男冥利 [おとこみょうり] /(n) the good fortune to have been born male/
百年目 [ひゃくねんめ] /(n) (1) the hundredth year/(2) out of luck/(at the) end of one's rope/(3) rare chance/unusually good fortune/
布袋 [ほてい] /(n) pot-bellied god of good fortune/
福 [ふく] /(n) good fortune/(P)/
福運 [ふくうん] /(n) happiness and good fortune/
福耳 [ふくみみ] /(n) plump ears (large, fleshy earlobes), said to bring good fortune/
目っけ物 [めっけもの] /(n) (1) bargain/find/(2) unbelievable good luck/unexpected good fortune/
役者冥利 [やくしゃみょうり] /(n) (yoji) the happiness (good fortune) of being an actor/feeling blessed for being an actor/
隆運 [りゅううん] /(n) prosperity/good fortune/
僥倖 [ぎょうこう] /(n,vs) fortuitous/luck/windfall/godsend/good fortune/
運気好転 [うんきこうてん] /(n,vs) (yoji) turn (stroke) of good fortune/one's fortune turning for the better/EntL2042010X/
縁起がいい [えんぎがいい] /(exp,adj-ix) of good omen/augur well (for)/boding well for/good fortune/EntL2822310/
縁起が良い;縁起がよい [えんぎがよい] /(exp,adj-i) (See 縁起がいい・えんぎがいい) of good omen/augur well (for)/boding well for/good fortune/EntL2514860/
果報 [かほう] /(adj-na,n) (1) good fortune/luck/happiness/(2) {Buddh} (See 業・ごう) vipaka (retribution)/EntL1193080X/
禍福得喪 [かふくとくそう] /(n) calamity, good fortune, success and failure/EntL2714030/
吉 [きち;きつ] /(n,adj-no) (See 御神籤・おみくじ) good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result)/good luck/auspiciousness/EntL2230960X/
狐福 [きつねふく;きつねぶく] /(n) (obsc) unexpected good fortune/EntL2583010/
幸せ(P);仕合わせ;倖せ(oK);仕合せ [しあわせ(P);しやわせ(ik)] /(adj-na,n) happiness/good fortune/luck/blessing/(P)/EntL1594060X/
杓子果報 [しゃくしかほう] /(n,adj-na) (yoji) coming by ample servings of delicious food/being blessed with good fortune/EntL2113150/
笑う門には福来る [わらうかどにはふくきたる] /(exp) (proverb) (from Chi: 打開笑門福自來) laugh and grow fat/good fortune and happiness will come to the home of those who smile/EntL2152700/
笑門 [しょうもん] /(exp) (abbr) (on New Year's decorations hung over the front door) (See 笑門来福) (good fortune and happiness will come to) the home of those who smile/EntL2826643/
笑門福来 [しょうもんふくらい] /(exp) (yoji) (from Chinese 打開笑門福自來) (See 笑う門には福来る) good fortune and happiness will come to the home of those who smile/EntL2826693/
笑門来福 [しょうもんらいふく] /(exp) (yoji) (from Chinese 打開笑門福自來) (See 笑う門には福来る) good fortune and happiness will come to the home of those who smile/EntL2826642/
善祓 [よしはらえ] /(n) (arch) (obsc) purification to invite good fortune/EntL2244840/
男冥利 [おとこみょうり] /(n) the good fortune to have been born male/EntL1792700X/
百年目 [ひゃくねんめ] /(n) (1) the hundredth year/(2) out of luck/(at the) end of one's rope/(3) rare chance/unusually good fortune/EntL1711080X/
布袋 [ほてい] /(n) pot-bellied god of good fortune/EntL1690880X/
福 [ふく] /(n) good fortune/(P)/EntL1501020X/
福運 [ふくうん] /(n) happiness and good fortune/EntL1826540X/
福耳 [ふくみみ] /(n) plump ears (large, fleshy earlobes), said to bring good fortune/EntL1826410X/
目っけ物 [めっけもの] /(n) (1) bargain/find/(2) unbelievable good luck/unexpected good fortune/EntL1808010X/
役者冥利 [やくしゃみょうり] /(n) (yoji) the happiness (good fortune) of being an actor/feeling blessed for being an actor/EntL2054390X/
隆運 [りゅううん] /(n) prosperity/good fortune/EntL1645130X/
僥倖 [ぎょうこう] /(n,vs) fortuitous/luck/windfall/godsend/good fortune/EntL1564010X/
posted by zengargoyle at 2:03 PM on June 30, 2018 [1 favorite]


Heh, like this one:
狐福 [きつねぶく] /(n) (obsc) unexpected good fortune/

kitsunebuku - fox good fortune
I'd guess fuku is 'good fortune' at least in the dictionary sense maybe....
posted by zengargoyle at 2:07 PM on June 30, 2018


It's worth comparing some definitions.

Luck [Merriam-Webster]
(1) (a) a force that brings good fortune or adversity; (b) the events or circumstances that operate for or against an individual
(2) favoring chance

Fortune [Merriam-Webster]:
(1) a hypothetical force or personified power that unpredictably determines events and issues favorably or unfavorably;
(4) destiny, fate

運 (un) [Daijisen]:
(1) 人の身の上にめぐりくる幸・不幸を支配する、人間の意志を超越したはたらき。天命。運命。 (A force transcending human will that rules the fortune or misfortune of one's circumstances. Fate.)
(2) よいめぐりあわせ。幸運。 (Good chance, luck, or fortune.)

So the main difference between "luck" and "fortune" is that "fortune" can also refer to one's destiny or fate. 運 encompasses this meaning, so it's a good translation for fortune. "Good fortune" would therefore be 幸運 (kouun), 好運 (kouun), or 盛運 (seiun).
posted by J.K. Seazer at 2:12 PM on June 30, 2018


幸運(kou-un) means "good fortune" in the sense of "chance/fate being kind to you" (something you are blessed with, as opposed to "good luck" in the sense of "I hope this difficult thing you are about to do goes well". jeez, why is English so confusing?).
おめでとう(omedetou, greeting form) or おめでたい(omedetai, adjective form) would mean "good fortune" in the sense of "mazel tov, congratulations on this great thing that just happened to you."
Possibly more answers depending on context.
posted by huimangm at 2:16 PM on June 30, 2018


I'm a student of Mandarin Chinese, and I would say 幸福. Is this a word in Japanese? In Chinese it indicates happiness brought on by good fortune, more in the sense of "prosperity" (could be won through hard work) than "luck". If this is a work in Japanese, I wonder if the definition would be similar and closer to what the asker wants.
posted by msittig at 2:24 PM on June 30, 2018


幸福 [こうふく] /(adj-na,n) happiness/blessedness/joy/well-being/(P)/
posted by zengargoyle at 2:36 PM on June 30, 2018


Yeah, there are like 69-ish my dictionary words that end in 福 and sound (rendaku) as ふく.
not sure if relevant to actual question or not.
posted by zengargoyle at 2:46 PM on June 30, 2018


Oh, but just because... here are the 8 P ones:
幸福 [こうふく] /(adj-na,n) happiness/blessedness/joy/well-being/(P)/
祝福 [しゅくふく] /(n,vs,adj-no) blessing/(P)/
福 [ふく] /(n) good fortune/(P)/
裕福 [ゆうふく] /(adj-na,n) affluence/prosperity/(P)/
幸福 [こうふく] /(adj-na,n) (mainly literary) happiness/blessedness/joy/well-being/(P)/EntL1278400X/
祝福 [しゅくふく] /(n,vs,adj-no) blessing/(P)/EntL1337520X/
福 [ふく] /(n) good fortune/(P)/EntL1501020X/
裕福 [ゆうふく] /(adj-na,n) affluence/prosperity/(P)/EntL1541830X/
posted by zengargoyle at 2:48 PM on June 30, 2018


Response by poster: I had no idea there would be so many options. I didn't think the context would matter much, but sounds like it does! It's a name for my new little cat. (See previous question.) I want to name her Good Fortune after a cat in a book I read as a child about a little cat in Japan who brought her master good fortune. But he was working for it, so it wasn't exactly dumb luck. Ditto this cat had a turn of really good luck, but she also worked to bring herself some attention. However, it also had a feeling of forces coming together, since she resembled the little kitty in the book that I loved as a kid, I had just been wanting a cat, etc.

I thought Good Fortune sounded too clunky in English, and the book was set in Japan, so I wanted to see what it would sound like in Japanese.

Based on the answers so far it sounds like kouun/kou-un is what I'm looking for, but maybe the context I've given changes things.
posted by unannihilated at 2:51 PM on June 30, 2018


FWIW:
幸運 [こううん] /(adj-na,n) good luck/fortune/(P)/
好運 [こううん] /(adj-na,n) good luck/fortune/
盛運 [せいうん] /(n) prosperity/fortune/
posted by zengargoyle at 2:53 PM on June 30, 2018


Hah, kitty cat. I'd personally for no real reason maybe go for
吉 [きつ] /(n,adj-no) good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result)/good luck/auspiciousness/

Just because it's a single kanji and is the thing that everybody wants when they do the fortune-telling thing. And it's sharp sounding KI TSU, almost like kitty, kitty, kitty.
posted by zengargoyle at 2:56 PM on June 30, 2018


吉 3548 U5409 B32 C30 G8 S6 F711 J1 N1053 V711 H2167 DP2691 DK1369 DL1855 L320 DN342 K464 O278 DO990 MN3289 MP2.0805 E1142 IN1141 DF1124 DT1064 DC199 DJ893 DG282 DM326 P2-3-3 I3p3.1 Q4060.1 DR1477 Yji2 Wgil キチ キツ よし T1 え き きっ きる こし と よ {good luck} {joy} {congratulations}
posted by zengargoyle at 2:58 PM on June 30, 2018


One more data point, then: the little waving cat statues in store/restaurant windows in Japan, which are supposed to bring, well, maybe good fortune and definitely good business :), are called 招き猫 maneki-neko (inviting cat).
posted by huimangm at 3:09 PM on June 30, 2018


I agree with zengargoyle that 吉 is best for this purpose, because the cat is an auspicious sign of good fortune, not good fortune in itself. By itself it's pronounced "kichi", not "kitsu", though don't let that stop you from picking the pronunciation you prefer. Also, 吉 is a male name, but 吉子 (Yoshiko), 吉見 (Yoshimi), and 吉能 (Yoshino) are close female equivalents.
posted by J.K. Seazer at 3:35 PM on June 30, 2018 [6 favorites]


It's indeed 吉.

Japan doesn't have quite the same perception of "luck" (幸福, KOUFUKU) you'd see in, say, Taiwan or Hong Kong.

The best way to think of it is by examining o-mamori (protective amulets), which vary depending on the kind of luck you're hoping for. Some protect against, say, car accidents, while other amulets ensure a safe pregnancy. It's pretty common to get an amulet that helps you pass your exams.

This Wikipedia article has some various examples.

The charms contained within the amulet are based in part on Chinese numerology (my father-in-law made these amulets as his main business) and the Chinese zodiac.

Maybe the word you're looking for is 開運 (kaiun).

Here are some ways the word is used idiomatically.

It strikes me as a word or phrase that would be used specifically by shopkeepers or what used to be called merchants, but probably is not relevant to most Japanese people today and is not a typical colloquialism.

The way that people usually wish someone "good luck" is by saying "がんばろう", or "try hard."
posted by JamesBay at 4:55 PM on June 30, 2018 [2 favorites]


Response by poster: Keeping in mind I know nothing about Japanese...

If 吉 is used to describe something that brings good fortune rather than good fortune itself, wouldn't it be an adjective and the more accurate translation to English be "lucky?"

If I wanted to name her after the concept of good fortune, the noun, like if someone said, "I thank God for my good fortune," which one is the closest to that? Although maybe that is something that would not be done in Japanese? I think it's okay, she's a cat, not a government document.
posted by unannihilated at 5:14 PM on June 30, 2018


In that case you would never use 吉 in a given name... It's only used in last names, and last names are inherited. Yuki" (幸)is a possiblity, but it's an arcaic name common maybe 60 or 70 or 80 years ago (kind of like "Mabel" or "Ethel".

Another idea is "Megumi" (), which is still sort of common, although it might be considered a bit ダサい.
posted by JamesBay at 6:36 PM on June 30, 2018 [1 favorite]


幸 can also be pronounced as "SHACHI", so I guess you could create a name like 幸子 (Sachiko).

Sachi can also mean 祥, or "auspicious".
posted by JamesBay at 6:47 PM on June 30, 2018


Wait a minute, if it's a cat you have a lot more flexibility about what you name it, as long as the name is either cute or witty.

So, if it's a cat I'd suggest calling it ウンコ, or 運子, with 運 meaning "fortune".
posted by JamesBay at 6:54 PM on June 30, 2018


"Unko" means "poop", so that's probably not a good name.
posted by J.K. Seazer at 8:16 PM on June 30, 2018 [3 favorites]


I'd suggest 大吉 (Daikichi). This is an actual name for people and also ranks in for cats. Also, when you pull a fortune at a shrine, this is the best possible result (= you will have good fortune, rather than "lucky"). Nobody gets excited about pulling 吉 (Kichi) - it's more just relief that you didn't get a negative result. To me at least, the other words like 幸運 (Kouun) are good translations of the meaning you're looking for, but feel clunky as a name, as if you named a cat literally the words "Good Fortune". ウンコ means something very different and not what you want!
posted by mshrike at 8:19 PM on June 30, 2018 [2 favorites]


Oh, I should add that Daikichi is pretty unambiguously a masculine name though. For a girl, I might go with 幸 (Sachi), which is a pretty common name for people but would totally work for a cat. It can mean "good fortune", though with more the nuance of having a happy life.
posted by mshrike at 8:52 PM on June 30, 2018


The thing about pets in Japan is that you can be more imaginative -- you don't have to be confined to "real" names. For example, we called our female dog Papiko, which is both the name of a delicious coffee-flavored ice cream treat, while being a pretty basic play on words with "puppy" and "ko".

Anyway, with "fortune" in mind, you could also call your cat "Kaneko" (金, "kane", means money), or even "Zeni", "cash" (you could get away with calling her "Jenny", which has sorta the same pronunciation).

Like the tattoos, Western attempts to create names out of Japanese always seems a little off to me.
posted by JamesBay at 10:06 PM on June 30, 2018


unannihilated: adjectives ... It just doesn't work that way.
You have to forget about (English right?) grammatical categories and syntax. Japanese is weird and hard for a reason, it's weird and hard is the reason. This answer keeps getting incredibly long.... :)

Pick the 'good fortune' that seems best, (but definatly not ウンコ, or 運子 because the first thing that pops into my mind is "little shit").

heh,
瑞獣 [ずいじゅう] /(n) auspicious beast (i.e. qilin)/
Qilin - Wikipedia

Crap, I was going to say look up auspicious but then I did and AAAARRRRRGGG. It's still きち or a mythical carp if you want to get it into one kanji.
posted by zengargoyle at 5:07 AM on July 1, 2018


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