Balsamic vinegars are ranked on a scale of 0 to 4 by an independent group named the CTAB. The top-of-the-line Balsamics are made the traditional way. These are aged for over 12 years using the Solera system which incorporates a series of barrels of decreasing size. Every year, a portion of Balsamic from a younger, larger barrel is taken out and added to the next barrel down the line. This culminates in a finished product at the end of the rack. Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena is prohibitively expensive, with a 100ml bottle costing over $100. The CTAB ranking system only applies to commerical Balsamics, which are a blend of traditional and simple red wine vinegar. Basically, the higher the ratio of traditional to red wine yields a higher rank. A "0 leaf" Balsamic might be 95% red wine vinegar with a splash of traditional and some caramel coloring to give it a dark color. A "1 leaf" is much better than a "0 leaf" and is the prefect Balsamic for making a salad dressing recipe.4 Leaf balsamic shouldn't be that hard to find--our local super market (Harris Teeter) has a 4 leaf store brand! (.pdf file, see page 6)
At the "2 leaf" level, the sweetness of the traditional Balsamic begin to overpower the tartness of the red wine vinegar. A "2 leaf" may be too sweet some some people's taste over salads. "2 leaf" Balsamics are excellent in marinades or drizzled over finished dishes. A "3 leaf" is an even sweeter product - and twice the price of a "2 leaf". It richness makes it a prefect condiment for fish, lamb or beef, either in a gravy or sauce or drizzled straight out of the bottle. A "4 leaf" is syrupy sweet with only a hint of vinegar acid. This specialty item is used as a dessert topping, drizzled over ice cream or cake. In Modena it is popular to drizzle it over Parmesan cheese as a dessert too.
Before the advent of the leaf system, there was a lot of confusion about Balsamic Vinegar. It can be very confusing staring at a shelf with $5 bottles sitting right next to $20 bottles. As we all know, price is not always an indication of quality, so be sure to look for the leaves!
Balsamic vinegar can only be produced in Modena and Reggio Emilia in Italy. The process of making it begins by cooking Trebbiano grape juice. This cooking reduces the water content of the juice, turning it into a syrup called must. The must is then poured into the first wooden barrel of a Solera series, mixed with an older Balsamic vinegar batch to begin the acetification process. Each year 50% of the vinegar is transferred down the line to a slightly smaller barrel, along the way acquiring some of the flavors of the different woods. The only approved woods are oak, cherry, chestnut, mulberry, acacia, juniper, and ash.
We also like the olive oil of same brand ($9.95, 16.9 fl oz)
[Also, for what it's worth, I've heard that "produced" in Italy sometimes means that the oil or vinegar came from other countries, like Spain, but was imported to Italy and bottled there.]
posted by WestCoaster at 10:29 PM on January 8, 2006