Equipment list: Circular saw, tourniquet, bowl of ice, phone with 911 preprogrammed into it ...
April 21, 2011 1:39 PM   Subscribe

Help me get over my fear of using a circular saw.

I want to build a chicken coop using the plans I bought from this site. The plans look pretty simple to follow but I'm thinking about hiring a carpenter because using a circular saw intimidates me so much.

I consider myself to be pretty comfortable with power tools - I have a drill and a jigsaw and have no problem using them. My dad was really cool about teaching his daughter (me) how to use tools, so I'm generally pretty fearless about taking on DIY projects. The circular saw, however, scares the crap out of me. I blame it on my Uncle Johnny who lost several finger tips in a saw mill accident, but told five-year-old me that he cut them off to feed his dog.

I inherited the circular saw from my late father and it is one big monster of a thing, or at least it is to me. It's a 35 year old (at least) Black & Decker, 1 horsepower, 7& 1/4 inch - the fucker weighs at least 15 lbs. I have absolutely zero knowledge about how the thing even works - what type of blade to use, how to set the blade, how to start and end a cut, where the safety is on the thing (if it even has one to begin with) and how to take it on or off; etc.,.

My husband is doesn't know how to use it either. If I want a new motherboard in my computer he can do that but when it comes to home improvement, I'm the viking in the family.
posted by echolalia67 to Home & Garden (39 answers total) 4 users marked this as a favorite
 
Using a potentially dangerous tool is something you should be afraid of. But really, functioning adults use dangerous machines all the time, even if they are scary (otherwise we wouldn't have cars). So, just like we do with cars, learn how to operate it safely, learn what precautions are appropriate, and know that what given that you're operating it safely and taking appropriate precautions, it's not that dangerous at all, surely not nearly as dangerous as a car.

See if you can take a class at home depot or go to a local (non giant chain) woodworking store and ask for a demonstration. Buy some goggles.
posted by If only I had a penguin... at 1:43 PM on April 21, 2011 [1 favorite]


You probably don't actually need a circular saw, it will just make things faster. A nice pull saw will make quick work of the 2x4 lumber you are most likely to be using.

If you do want to use a circular saw or at least get over your fear you need to find someone to show you the ropes in person. I would recommend buying a new one, perhaps battery powered. It will be lighter and have additional safety guards. A local hardware store should be able to help sell you one and teach you the ropes of using it.
posted by ChrisHartley at 1:46 PM on April 21, 2011


Circular saws aren't that bad, but there are other options. Hand saws work fine, for example. If you do stay with the circular saw, consider buying a nice, lightweight modern one, which will be easier and safer to use.
posted by Forktine at 1:48 PM on April 21, 2011 [4 favorites]


Looking at the photos, I would have thought you could get away without a circular saw for most or all of it. I couldn't see anything I wouldn't be happy to tackle with my jigsaw and a handsaw.

The main advantage of a circular saw is that it's a nice quick way to cut long straight lines in sheet materials. But if you mark your lines, follow them slowly, and maybe also clamp or screw a piece of timber to your sheet material (plywood), you can still get nice straight cuts that should be perfectly fine for a chicken coop.
posted by le morte de bea arthur at 1:49 PM on April 21, 2011


Sorry, I meant to say "clamp or screw a piece of timber to your sheet material as a cutting guide"
posted by le morte de bea arthur at 1:49 PM on April 21, 2011


Second getting a modern tool. (And using eye protection too.) My husband, who could sometimes use a little more fear of power tools, did lose part of his thumb and most of the use of one of his index fingers to his dad's circular saw, which among other things lacked a finger guard. So, get something modern and usable for you, and just be reasonably careful.
posted by bearwife at 1:51 PM on April 21, 2011


(not a specific answer to the question, but a follow-up to people's recommendations of other tools):

It looks like you're in San Francisco. The Oakland and Berkeley Public library systems both have tool lending libraries with a wide variety of tools -- power and otherwise -- that you might need for something like this and you can borrow for free. Both libraries require only proof of California residency to get a card. They also probably have people who can help you with how to properly use their tools. Might be worth looking into.
posted by brainmouse at 1:56 PM on April 21, 2011 [1 favorite]


(DOH! After I wrote that I realized that while the libraries are open to all, the tool lending branches may only be open to residents of those cities. Sorry :(.)
posted by brainmouse at 1:58 PM on April 21, 2011


HAND HELD CIRCULAR SAWS is a good start. That said, I would also be wary of a 35 year old saw.
posted by R. Mutt at 1:59 PM on April 21, 2011


Best answer: One secret for using a circular saw is to think about what happens when the cut is finished or nearly finished. If you have a 2x4 supported at both ends and cut in the middle, when the cut is nearly done, the 2x4 will pinch and grab the blade. This will make the saw jump forward and the work will go flying. So, when you cut something, make sure one end of the cut is hanging off something, so it can fall and not pinch the blade. This is what sawhorses are for. Also notice the circular saw is right-handed. The left side of the cut should be on sawhorses or similar, and the saw sits on this and slides along this left side. The right side should be clear to fall to the ground, away from the blade, when the cut is done.

Also, if you twist the saw during the cut, it will grab the work and jump forward or throw the work a bit. Have the way clear for this, and don't twist. You can NOT cut anything but a straight line with a circular saw.

Of course wear eye protection, and less obviously, ear plugs. If you are not trying to work as fast as possible in order to get the damn loud thing shut back off, you'll be safer. Ear plugs make it less scary and let you concentrate on what you're doing.

Also less obviously, do NOT wear gloves while operating any kind of power tool. A minor mistake can cut you without gloves, but pull you in to the spinning (whatever) with gloves.

Measure twice, think ten times and plan what you're going to do - plan how you will start the cut and how it will end and where the pieces will fall, and THEN cut once.
posted by fritley at 2:00 PM on April 21, 2011 [4 favorites]


If I might pollute the waters by summarizing the above commenters, I think we're looking at answering at least 3 different questions here:

1) Do you need to use a power saw for your project? No (although it might be faster), and some hard-to-reach repair jobs won't fit a full size power saw anyway.

2) Could you become comfortable using a power saw? Yes. The comment about the tool lending library is a good idea -- even if you might not be in the right district to borrow tools, there's probably somebody around who could give you an idea of what to do. I would probably veto the above comment about battery powered saws just because mine chews through batteries so fast that I needed 4 batteries on rotating charge to finish my chicken coop.

2) Do you need to use your dad's power saw? No. It sounds like the worm drive saw that I inherited from my dad, which is AWESOME and POWERFUL and that I can't use for very long because I have noodle arms. It sounds like its flavor of overkill would be useful for cutting through very thick things, but that something entirely daintier would be more appropriate for the coop & such.
posted by ivan ivanych samovar at 2:01 PM on April 21, 2011 [1 favorite]


It doesn't look to me like you actually need to make any long cuts. If so, you'd be far better served by a Miter Saw. A lot safer and dead easy to use.
posted by sanka at 2:04 PM on April 21, 2011 [1 favorite]


Yep, new saws are cheap and light. I couldn't believe the difference when I finally got rid of the monster I grew up with (inherited from Dad).

Looking at those plans, you may be able to get by nicely with a handsaw. They sell then with fancy hardened teeth now (models with names like like Barracuda and Shark) and they make them shorter and lighter than they used to. You'll be shocked at how fast they cut.

You'll want to pick up some cheap saw-horses, too. They make all the difference. It looks like a fun project!
posted by bonobothegreat at 2:06 PM on April 21, 2011 [1 favorite]


I've been making cabinets perfeshunally for almost 30 years and I fear circular saws. It is a good and valid fear. Your jigsaw will do what you want, just splurge on good blades. And goggles indeed! Stay away from battery powered saws. Either underpowered of battery devourers. And as above, a miterbox will do 2 X 4's easy and give that handmade "I did it myself" satisfaction
posted by Redhush at 2:07 PM on April 21, 2011


Fritley, are you maybe talking about a table saw? Because a handheld circular saw will jump backward, not forward. I met a guy once who had bisected his hand by reaching back to grab the board behind the saw just as it kicked back.
posted by bricoleur at 2:23 PM on April 21, 2011


Best answer: I think ivan ivanych samovar laid out a good subdivision:

1. I second Chris Hartley's recommendation of a pull-saw. I just bought a Bakuna 300 from Rockler, specifically for cutting sheets of plywood the long way. Saturday after next I'm competing in a competition to build and race a boat from two sheets of plywood using hand tools in 3 hours, and we'll be making multiple complex cuts all the way through a sheet of plywood, and I think it'd only be a little bit faster to use a jigsaw. It's fast, clean, and I use it even though I also have a Festool circular saw. which brings me to:

2. There is an order of magnitude difference in the price of circular saws, and at different price points you get different things. If you decide you're going to buy a circular saw, go to your local Festool dealer and try out the TS 55 EQ. It rides on a rail to keep the cuts straight. If you let go of it, the blade retracts. It has a riving knife, to keep warping wood from grabbing the blade and throwing the saw. It is safe enough that I happily let developmentally disabled adults and 8 year old kids use it (with supervision). I also have a cheap Skilsaw that I use for things where I may hit nails, or need to put a tile blade on, but it's scarier. The Skilsaw cost a tenth of the Festool saw.

3. If you do decide to use that saw, a few things that might help keep things less scary: First, get a sacrificial piece of ¾" plywood and use that as your work surface. Second, only extend the blade a hair past how far the pieces you need to cut go. Third, clamp the pieces you need to cut to that work surface (don't clamp on both sides of the saw cut, only on one side). Fourth, take another piece of 1x2 or similar wood, and use it as a straight-edge, clamped in place

With a setup like this you won't have pieces falling or flopping about as they cut free. You'll have the saw guided along the side. With the sacrificial surface that you'll be cutting small grooves (when they're the width of the blade they're called "kerfs") in the cut pieces will be fully supported, and won't flop and bind the blade as you cut.

Finally, ask a neighbor for help. I notice your profile says "northern California". If that's "southeastern Sonoma County or northern Marin County" (or could be), drop me a MeMail and maybe we can find a time when I can show you how and why I do what I do with a circular saw.
posted by straw at 2:24 PM on April 21, 2011 [1 favorite]


Response by poster: Part of the problem is that in several areas square cuts need do be made in the middle of a wall for an egg or inner access door, and the plans involve cutting up 4' x 8' sheets of plywood. I can probably scrounge up plywood that is more or less the right dimensions for the floor, but I don't see a way around using a circular saw for the door cut outs.
posted by echolalia67 at 2:24 PM on April 21, 2011


Best answer: Basically the main thing is only go forward and straight. If you start to veer off course, stop the saw, wait for the blade to stop, back it out, and start again. When the blade is moving, never try to turn left or right, never try to reverse. Don't force it or push it, let it do the work. Make sure the work is set up so that it doesn't sag or pinch the blade, and ideally have it clamped so that you can focus on the saw and not worry about holding the stock. If the blade does get stuck and the motor stalls, let off the trigger and then unplug it before trying to extract it. Remember that the blade will spin for a while after you let up on the trigger, so remember to wait a few beats before continuing.

In most circumstances the guard works automatically, so all you have to do is start the saw and push forward and it will move out of the way on its own. The only time you should ever try to fuss with it is if you're doing a plunge cut, and even then you pull it back only while the saw is off, and then let it plop back down on the work and then turn on the saw. While the saw is on you shouldn't have to touch anything but the handle. Keep your hands away from the front and back path/plane of the blade and the underside. Set up the work so that the smaller part drops off on its own.

Changing the blade is really easy, it's just a big nut. It should come with a wrench that fits the nut. There's a hole in the blade that you can put a nail through to keep it from turning while you tighten and loosen the nut. Definitely buy a new blade, as dull blades are dangerous. The packaging of the blade should tell you what kind of material and what type of cuts it's designed for. When using the wrench make sure that if something slips that your hand is headed in a direction that doesn't involve the teeth of the blade. Make it a habit to force yourself to always unplug the saw before changing the blade or adjusting the depth, and to always check that there are no wrenches/tools still on the saw before plugging it back in. The depth usually adjusts with some kind of wing nut or other device that can be easily tightened by hand. The depth should be checked and set before each cut to ensure that the blade extends a small amount below the bottom surface of the cut.
posted by Rhomboid at 2:31 PM on April 21, 2011


Whoops: I got the Bakuma 300 from Woodcraft, not Rockler. And I just checked, you could start a cut in the middle of a board (like for the top of a door) by just cutting across the surface with it.

My offer to demonstrate in person stands.
posted by straw at 2:31 PM on April 21, 2011


Never never never pin or clamp the guard on a circular saw back to make it easier. Many professional carpenters do this.
Many professional carpenters are also missing digits.
One friend almost died when he severed his femoral artery.

Wear safety gear, follow the directions, get trained by someone who know what they are doing.

The door cut outs sound like they could be cut using a drill and a jigsaw (and probably an aluminum straight edge clamped to the board.
posted by Seamus at 2:33 PM on April 21, 2011


I have two circular saws -- a small, battery powered one that is handy in certain situations and a larger saw that has more horsepower, plugs in and does the job right quick. I bought both of these. I'd love to have my own shop but being the frugal type I've always looked for used tools. But being an amateur woodworker, I'm always nervous about the quality and safety of a used tool. Do you think you could call around and see if there's a place in town that might "tune-up" this old saw and also take a look at it for safety and advise you on blades? That's what I would do if I wanted to use a piece of old equipment that was unknown to me.

Being nervous is, in my opinion, a good thing. If you're really nervous, make a safety checklist and tape it to a surface near where you will be working. Something like: sawhorses level, work clamped, cords out of the way, guard working, eye protection, ear protection, measure twice and cut once. I think it's great to think through what you are doing -- even say it out loud. I tend to find errors that way and prevent thinks like mentioned above with the fresh cuts pinching your blade.

I did a project a few years back where we were working with a range of power tools on huge pieces of timber. The only people who got injured were the ones with lots of experience. What I took from that is that sometimes experience leads you to push the boundaries and that can be unsafe.

On preview: you could also use a router for those interior cut-outs. Routers are fun!
posted by amanda at 2:47 PM on April 21, 2011 [1 favorite]


Part of the problem is that in several areas square cuts need do be made in the middle of a wall for an egg or inner access door, and the plans involve cutting up 4' x 8' sheets of plywood. I can probably scrounge up plywood that is more or less the right dimensions for the floor, but I don't see a way around using a circular saw for the door cut outs.

That's exactly where your drill and jigsaw come in, if I'm understanding you right. If you want to cut a 12" square out of the dead center of, say, a 48" x 48" piece of plywood, you'd drill a hole just inside one corner of the square. Use a 5/8" drill bit or larger -- one large enough to allow the jigsaw blade to fit through. Then, using that hole as your starting point, cut out the 12" x 12" square.

I'm comfortable with my circular saw, but I wouldn't be comfortable using an old, heavy one with no finger guard. If you have access to a newer one (they're not that expensive now), buy one. If not, I think you'd be perfectly fine using your drill and jigsaw. Get some clamps and a straight edge to use as a guide. Get a blade that's meant for making clean cuts through soft woods.
posted by mudpuppie at 2:48 PM on April 21, 2011 [1 favorite]


Best answer: ha! i built that same coop and had the same fears about using a circular saw. so i just... didn't use one. we used a jigsaw and a handsaw and it worked out fine.
posted by hollisimo at 2:49 PM on April 21, 2011 [1 favorite]


Another route you could go would be to get/borrow a compound miter saw for the 2x4s - it's table-mounted and works much like a drill press, with two axes of variable angle cutting.

Then, a table saw or jig saw would work well for any sheet cuts.

You can rent any of these from many hardware stores.

The 35-year-old circular saw, if it's like the one my husband inherited from his father, who got it from his father, is way more adjustable and has more power than newer saws. That's good if you know how to use it, but if you're afraid of it you're better off either learning from someone or using different tools.
posted by bookdragoness at 2:58 PM on April 21, 2011


Best answer: Looking at this type of project, it is fairly basic. I have about 20 years of carpentry experience and feel that this is a great project to learn on. You should be afraid of hurting yourself with tools, that means you will take precautions against hurting yourself with them. After putting a screwdriver through my hand, I always make sure to use things properly.

1) I would recommend YouTube videos for how to use circular saws, they will show you what to do and how they generally function.

2) Before you start on the chicken coup, make plenty of practice cuts, such as plunge cuts, straight cuts, or miter angles if you want to get fancy. This will allow you to get comfortable with the saw and figure out how all of the pieces work.

3) I learned to use a circular saw with one of these old Black and Decker beasts. If you are afraid that the weight will hold you back, go to Amazon and get a well reviewed new model for relatively cheap. A circular saw is one of the tools that is great to know how to use and have around because of the versatility and speed it adds to large projects.

4) If you have an instruction manual, make sure to read it.

Also, it's okay to make a few mistakes with any project. That's part of the fun of DIY. Just make sure to take care of the loose ends and such. MeMail me if you want a how to guide to using tools safely, I've been teaching engineers how to use power tools and have fun explaining what is needed to use tools safely.
posted by Nackt at 3:16 PM on April 21, 2011


Best answer: Your jigsaw will do pretty much everything a circ will do albeit more slowly. A jigsaw is way more versatile than most people imagine, you can do everything from fine work to demolition.
It's so much safer and no cloud of dust like the circ.

It does pay to have a decent one that has a blade guide, without which blade drift is a problem. Blade technology continues to advance, today's clean cutting blades are truly amazing. (Bosch makes a "Clean Cut" blade that's wonderful).

In both woodworking and building there's always many ways to skin a cat. Meaning there are almost always multiple ways to achieve the same end. For instance, lets say you want to rip an oak board (cut in lengthwise instead of across). A contractor will use a table or circular saw because it's the fastest way. But you could cut it with a jigsaw and fine tune the edge with a router/straight edge and get a superior cut. Two steps instead of one, but safer, and you'd never get the cut with the circ like the contractor as you don't have his skill.

A circular saw is a dangerous tool even in the hands of the experienced, who know what to expect as far as kickback and binding. Consider that you could be maimed for life. For real. Get rid of that old clunker. And never use old dull blades on anything.
posted by PaulBGoode at 3:19 PM on April 21, 2011 [2 favorites]


I'm a slender middle-aged woman, and I don't like circular saws. I do like chop boxes/miter saws. I also absolutely love my Bosch orbital jigsaw which cuts through pretty much anything that others might use a circular saw on. It's safer and easier to control.

It's really a wonderful tool, I've used it for about 20 years. Other companies now make them, the path of the blade is not the same as in the old standard jigsaws.
posted by mareli at 3:22 PM on April 21, 2011


Dump the 35 year old saw.

If you're cutting ply set up so you don't have to extend your reach, you should be able to walk along with the cuts you are making. If you're cutting a piece in half that's pretty hard to do, so stop in the middle and switch sides.

Drill and a jigsaw for the holes for doors, you don't want to try plunge cutting with a circular saw unless you have that snazzy Festool mentioned earlier, someone else is making them now too forget who.

Don't use the trigger lock to keep it running, in a panic or the saw kicking you may not be able to squeeze the trigger to disengage the lock.

Others have said this but I will too, you will not saw in a straight line, so use a straight edge as a guide.

They also make 5.5 inch saws now, lighter, less intimidating.
posted by Max Power at 3:44 PM on April 21, 2011


I've taught several teenage girls how to use a circular saw so I think that if you are fairly strong you should be able to handle it just fine.

I don't think a heavy 35 year old saw is the way to go. I really discourage it. Cheap tools are rarely worth the price. However, a cordless 18volt will do the job for you, be easier to handle, etc etc etc. Cutting the plywood will kill the battery fast, but that's why you have two batteries. I happen to prefer a saw with the blade on the side I am on so that I can see the line better and most of the cordless ones have this feature. The beast you have almost certainly has the blade on the far side where you won't be able to see the line.

Use sawhorses. Clamp a straight edge. Let your waste piece fall, do not try or let anyone else try to catch it. Else, you will bind the blade and the saw will kickback on you. This is why you keep the saw to the side of your body at all times. You will get kickback someday. Judging from the plans, you will have to cut the plywood in half. So put it on your sawhorses with 2x4s underneath and then another two by four going across to raise the middle so that you will be able to let the waste piece fall.

The other tool I would recommend is a speed square. Swanson makes the standby but you don't have to spend much money at all for a really essential tool. Skillsaws are meant for crosscuts, and the speed square gives you a 90degree angle and a saw guide in one. Practice on 2x4s before you try cutting plywood so you'll know about the blade bind. The nice thing about the cordless is that it just isn't as powerful so the kickback isn't as strong. But you have to know that it will and how to stay safe.

For the egg house doors, as described above, Drill a hole then use your jigsaw. Plunge cuts are pretty advanced and righteously scary. All of the aforementioned things not to do, like holding back the blade guide with a carpenters pencil, are required. And routers scare me a lot more than skillsaws.

Incidentally, The Natural History of the Chicken makes me want chickens too.
posted by mearls at 3:49 PM on April 21, 2011


Re Max Power's note that others are making plunge saws: Yep, DeWalt and Makita. I suggested Festool because the Festool dealers generally go above and beyond about letting you play with the tools and talking with you about the tools.

But, too, the question was about existing tools, and any of the good circular saws will (more than) double the budget for this project. I do like the jigsaw suggestions. But for something as simple as that project involving a neighbor and making a new friend who can help you with it seems like the plan.
posted by straw at 3:53 PM on April 21, 2011


Is there a good local hardware store in your area? Go visit, with the saw, preferably at a not-so-busy time. My local hardware store staff will look at any tool, make useful recommendations, and offer good, free advice.

I hate power tools, but have worked up from what is pretty much the Barbie jigsaw to a medium-ish circular saw. The guys at Maine Hardware sold it to me, and gave me good advice about safety. Or take an adult ed woodworking class.
posted by theora55 at 3:58 PM on April 21, 2011


Not to be stalkerly or anything, but I checked your profile, googled your name, and if all of the dots I connected are correct, get thee too the Temescal Tool Lending Library and ask there (and see when the next power tool safety class is). It looks, from the comments on the web, like those folks are happy to help you out with technique, and all the typing in the world won't match what a few minutes of demonstration can do for you.
posted by straw at 4:06 PM on April 21, 2011


The biggest thing is to constantly tell yourself to go slowly, stop and think. Listen to that little voice that questions wether or not a particular setup is the right way to approach a cut. Make sure the cord is behind the saw.

I'm a klutz and I use a couple of saw horses with a piece of plywood over them as a workbench. Without it, I'd spend too much time poorly balanced on the balls of my feet and start rushing.
posted by bonobothegreat at 4:09 PM on April 21, 2011


tl;dr, but I want to reiterate some things that I'm sure have already been said: A circular saw IS considerably more dangerous than a drill or jigsaw. An especially powerful saw is especially dangerous. An older saw will have fewer safety features.

I'm sure you can learn to use a circular saw, but I really, really don't think that trying to teach yourself based on some internet tutorial is a good idea. It's well worth the time it will take you to find someone to coach you for a few minutes. YouTube can show you what to do, but it can't stop you from making a dangerous mistake because YouTube can't see you.
posted by jon1270 at 4:47 PM on April 21, 2011 [1 favorite]


Response by poster: Many professional carpenters are also missing digits.
One friend almost died when he severed his femoral artery.


Yeah, that's pretty much the two scenarios that play in my head every time I think of powering up the circular saw.

Based on what folks are saying here, I'm going to ditch the whole idea of using the monster AND hiring someone else to do it. If it can all be done with a jigsaw, a hand saw and a drill, I can certainly do that myself. Thanks guys!!
posted by echolalia67 at 6:33 PM on April 21, 2011


If you (or some future person) are going to use an older saw, do yourself a favor and buy a new blade for it. Like most tools, these things are FAR more difficult and dangerous when they aren't sharp.

When you are working with things like this, it helps to look at what your other hand is doing. Don't focus 100% on the blade; it will cut whether you are looking at it or not. Look at your hand occasionally and make sure it stays where it should be.
posted by gjc at 6:49 PM on April 21, 2011


And hearing protection. Those things are LOUD.
posted by gjc at 6:50 PM on April 21, 2011


For long plywood cuts - save time and fear and let Home Depot or Lowes do them for you. If you have the measurements, they can make straight cuts (no angles, though) for you. They'll give you a couple of cuts for free and then they'll charge a quarter or fifty cents for each extra. The saws they have to cut plywood are freaking awesome.
posted by azpenguin at 12:31 AM on April 22, 2011 [1 favorite]


Yes, the circ saw is intimidating. A little healthy respect makes you a safer worker! But don't be scared of the thing. Get some scrap boards and do some test cuts: I bet you can do it without killing yourself, once you have a little confidence. Maybe buy a long 2"x8" and cut it into the pieces to make a bird house or something.

That old saw is a dinosaur, though. When you go buy earplugs and eye protection, just buy a new saw.

Also, have Uncle Johnny come over and help. Clearly he's a man with experience and a sense of humor -- just the kind of guy who makes work into fun.
posted by wenestvedt at 7:12 AM on April 22, 2011


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